The key materials used in manufacturing lighting fixtures include metals like aluminum and steel, plastics, glass, and various types of lighting components such as LEDs and wiring.

The main steps typically include design and prototyping, material selection, fabrication (cutting, shaping, assembling), finishing (painting, coating), and quality control testing before packaging.

Manufacturers can ensure energy efficiency by using LED technology, optimizing designs for better light distribution, and incorporating smart controls that adjust lighting based on occupancy and daylight availability.

Current trends include the increasing use of smart lighting solutions, a focus on sustainable and eco-friendly materials, and the integration of IoT technology for enhanced user control and energy management.